The TCM and TCM Integrated with Western Medicine Department was established in 1957 with a staff of only 4-5 members. Under the leadership of Director Li Wenjie, the department primarily focused on TCM internal and external medicine and acupuncture. In the 1960s, the department expanded to more than 20 inpatient beds, primarily treating patients with cirrhosis and chronic gastritis. During this time, the TCM ward was transformed to treat patients with furuncles, carbuncles, and abscesses, which was focused on TCM surgery. Later, it was changed again to focus on internal medicine conditions.

In the 1970s, Professor Jiang Chunhua played a leading role in promoting the scientific and modern development of TCM. He was the chief editor of research works such as "Studies on Kidney Essence" and "Studies on Promoting Blood Circulation and Removing Blood Stasis." In the 1980s, the department established specialized outpatient clinics for conditions including gastritis, asthma, diabetes, sequelae of myocarditis, chronic diarrhea, urolithiasis, asthma therapy by external application, ear acupuncture therapy, chronic hepatitis, liver cancer, and ion penetration therapy for asthma.

Dr. Chen Zelin, the department head, led the objective research on "tongue diagnosis" in TCM and was the chief editor of "Tongue Diagnosis Research." The department excelled in "tongue diagnosis" and integrated Western and TCM treatments for gastrointestinal and kidney diseases.

In the 1990s, under the guidance of Professor Tang Chenlong, the department established subspecialties, including TCM Internal Medicine, TCM Acupuncture, TCM Gynecology, TCM Vascular Surgery, and TCM Oncology, along with a research laboratory and a 12-bed ward. Professor Tang Chenlong contributed to research on the "Diagnosis and Treatment of Small Liver Cancer" and was awarded the first prize for National Scientific and Technological Progress. He also served as the chief editor of textbooks like "Traditional Chinese Medicine" and contributed to "Primary Liver Cancer," with over 20 published papers.

In 2002, Professor Cai Dingfang joined Zhongshan Hospital, where the TCM and TCM Integrated with Western Medicine Department established its core development direction, focusing on integrated treatments for neurological conditions and oncology. Over 20 years of development, the annual number of outpatient visits increased from 30,000 in 2003 to 160,000. The annual number of inpatients increased from 230 in 2003 to over 10,000, with the average length of stay decreasing from 19 days to 2.6 days. The utilization rate of TCM and Chinese herbal medicine reached 100%. In 2022, Dr. Yang Yunke was appointed as the department head, and Professor Cai Dingfang became the academic leader.

The TCM and TCM Integrated with Western Medicine Department currently has a staff of 25 members, including 1 professor, 2 chief physicians, 6 associate chief physicians, 8 attending physicians, 6 resident physicians, 2 quality control secretaries, and 1 triage nurse. They have 1 doctoral supervisor and 2 master's supervisors. The department has awarded 6 doctoral degrees and 11 master's degrees. It includes a national key discipline (Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Clinical Medicine), a key discipline of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Clinical Medicine), a national clinical key specialty (Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine for Neurological Conditions), a key specialty of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Neurology and Oncology), a comprehensive hospital demonstration TCM department in Shanghai, a superior specialty in Shanghai (Neurology and Oncology), a national drug clinical trial institution (Traditional Chinese Medicine Neurology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Oncology), a national key laboratory of neurophysiology and neuropathology of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, a director unit of the Shanghai Hospital Association TCM Development Research Society, a key construction project of Fudan University's "211" and "985" projects, a department at Fudan University's Zhongshan Hospital, a unit associated with Fudan University's Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine - Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Neurology Research Institute, and an attachment unit of the national comprehensive hospital TCM work demonstration unit. It also serves as an attachment unit for the Shanghai Comprehensive Hospital TCM Work Quality Control Group and offers clinical master's, doctoral degrees, and postdoctoral research.