The Department of Urology at Zhongshan Hospital, affiliated with Fudan University, is recognized as a key discipline by the Ministry of Education and a National Key Clinical Specialty. It is as well consented as  a focus of the "211" and "985" Project's third phase, a national training base for urologists and endourology techniques, and one of the first institutions authorized to award doctoral degrees in China. In the 2021 China Hospital Technology Value Ranking, it held the 8th position. The department is currently staffed with 40 medical professionals, including 10 professors and chief physicians, 12 associate professors and associate chief physicians, 6 doctoral advisors, and 8 master's advisors. It offers 148 ward beds, performs over 8,000 surgical procedures annually, 90% of which are three or four-tier (complex and high-difficulty) surgeries and minimally invasive procedures. The average length of hospitalization is 5.98 days, and the surgical rate for inpatients is 98%.

The Department of Urology at Zhongshan Hospital was established in 1952, making it one of the earliest urology departments in China with an independent ward. It was founded by Professor Rucheng Xiong, a pioneer in Chinese urology. The department has a remarkable history and boasts several "firsts," including the first successful same-blood-type kidney transplantation with long-term survival in China, the early implementation of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in the country, which earned a national first-class award for scientific and technological progress, and pioneering the field of laparoscopic urological surgery in China.

In recent years, under the leadership of Professor Jianming Guo, a new-generation academic leader and department head, the Department of Urology at Zhongshan Hospital has maintained a leading position in medical technology and research, aligning with international standards. Since 2009, the hospital has been at the forefront of the use of the da Vinci surgical robot for laparoscopic urological surgery in China, completing over 800 robotic surgeries each year and accumulating more than 5,000 robotic laparoscopic procedures. It has also become a clinical teaching and demonstration center for da Vinci robotic surgery in Chinese urology. The department introduced the Zhongshan scoring system for renal tumor nephron-sparing surgery and pioneered innovative techniques like single-port robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy through a retroperitoneal bladder approach. They have successfully conducted challenging procedures such as zero ischemia laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, radical cystectomy, and renal vein and vena cava thrombectomy. The "Establishment of a Precise Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment System for Renal Cancer" project won awards including the Shanghai Science and Technology Progress Second Prize, the Shanghai Medical Science and Technology Second Prize, and the Second Prize of the Shanghai Anti-Cancer Association. The department also made a groundbreaking achievement by cultivating bladder cancer primary cells from patient urinary exfoliated cells and establishing a large-scale automated anti-tumor drug screening platform, enabling personalized treatment for bladder cancer. Currently, the department consists of subspecialty teams specializing in renal tumors, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, urinary stones, kidney transplantation, andrology, and more. They conduct multidisciplinary teamwork (MDT) and are involved in over 60 international and domestic multicenter clinical studies. They publish more than 40 papers annually in renowned international and domestic journals and have received over 15 national natural science fund projects in the past three years, with research funding exceeding tens of millions of yuan.

The development goal of the Department of Urology at Zhongshan Hospital is to uphold traditions, strengthen its advantages, and enhance its distinctiveness, ultimately establishing a leading national and internationally renowned urology center.